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Glycocalyx Barrier (3D)

Grafted glycan brush over a lipid membrane. Nanoparticles fall through the mesh under real steric-exclusion and electrostatic physics.
Brush height L
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Mesh size ξ
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ΔF / kT
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D_eff / D_free
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Penetrated 0 Excluded 0 Trapped 0
Membrane-anchored mucin
Heparan sulfate proteoglycan
Sialylated glycolipid cap (−)
Excluded nanoparticle
Penetrated nanoparticle
Electrostatically trapped
Drag — orbit camera · Scroll — zoom · Sliders adjust the physics live