Landslides & Liquefaction

Thousands of frictional, cohesive grains on a shaking base. Compare the discrete-element slope with the Newmark sliding block, or liquefy a saturated sand column.

Presets

Ground & soil

Slope angle β Cohesion c′ Friction angle φ′ Water saturation / pore pressure Slide depth z (Newmark)

Shaking

Peak ground acceleration Dominant frequency Duration Playback speed

Show Force chains Velocity colour Grain stress Rock blocks

Newmark sliding block

Plane-strain DEM: circular grains with Hertz-like normal springs and dashpots, tangential spring with Coulomb limit, rolling resistance and bonded cohesion that is lost once a contact slips. Pore pressure reduces frictional strength (σ′ = σ − u). The base is shaken by a synthetic ground-motion record.