Each parent contributes one randomly-chosen allele per gamete. The 2×2 Punnett grid enumerates the four equally-likely allele combinations from a monohybrid cross; each cell is colored by the resulting genotype, and — under complete dominance — the phenotype color is set by whichever allele is dominant.
Cross Aa x Aa -> genotypes 1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa
Complete dominance -> phenotypes 3 dominant : 1 recessive
Incomplete dominance -> 1 dom : 2 blend : 1 recessive
- Parent 1 / Parent 2 genotype — sets the two alleles each parent can pass on, redrawing the 2×2 grid's possible combinations.
- Dominance — toggles complete dominance (recessive fully masked) vs incomplete dominance (heterozygotes blend colors, e.g. pink flowers).
- Offspring population — how many simulated offspring are randomly drawn from the grid's probabilities to build the live ratio tally.
- Generate offspring — draws a fresh batch of offspring and animates them flying out of the matching grid cell into the tally cloud.
- Clear — resets the offspring tally and cloud.
This is the same logic used to predict the odds a child inherits a recessive genetic condition when both parents are carriers.