A one-compartment pharmacokinetic model: vector particles are infused continuously into a well-mixed "bloodstream" loop, cleared by the immune system at a constant per-particle rate wherever they are, and captured only while passing through the target-tissue zone — each event is a real per-particle coin-flip against its own probability each frame, not a scripted animation.
dC/dt = infusion_rate − (k_immune + k_transduce·in_zone)·C
k_transduce ∝ tropism, applied only inside the tissue arc
half-life = ln(2) / (k_immune + k_transduce·zone_fraction)
- Infusion dose rate — how many vector particles enter circulation per second (IV infusion rate).
- Circulation speed — how fast a particle completes one lap of the vascular loop.
- Tissue tropism — capture probability per second while a particle sits inside the highlighted target-tissue arc.
- Immune clearance rate — first-order elimination rate applied everywhere in circulation, every frame.
Raise tropism relative to clearance and the transduction yield climbs toward its ceiling; raise clearance and most of the dose is neutralized before it ever reaches the tissue arc — the same trade-off that makes vector immunogenicity a real dosing bottleneck in AAV/lentivirus gene therapy.