h(t) = h₀ + A cos(2πt / T + φ)

h₀ = 0.25 m, A = 0.95 m, T = 12.42 h. This idealised single-frequency tide is a teaching model, not a local tide prediction.

Intertidal area is estimated from the terrain grid by counting cells where terrain elevation is below the instantaneous water level and multiplying by cell area. It ignores wetting/drying hysteresis, waves, currents, bathymetry, and local tidal constituents.

Estimated flooded flats: —