Wingtip Vortex Wake

2D twin of the 3D wake asset: the lift of the wing becomes a pair of vortices that sink and spread behind the aircraft.

Presets

Playback

Aircraft and wake

Lift balances weight, so the circulation is Gamma0 = W / (rho V b0) with b0 = pi b / 4. The pair descends at Gamma0 / (2 pi b0) while the core spreads by diffusion.

Model checks

The science

What is modelled

An elliptically loaded wing sheds two counter-rotating vortices whose circulation carries the aircraft weight. Each vortex follows a Lamb-Oseen swirl profile whose core grows with time, and the pair sinks under its own induced velocity.

Equations

  • Circulation Gamma0 = W / (rho V b0), spacing b0 = pi b / 4.
  • Swirl v(r) = Gamma / (2 pi r) (1 - exp(-r2/rc2)), core rc2 = rc02 + 4 nu_e t.
  • Descent speed w = Gamma0 / (2 pi b0).

Checks run in the page

  • Lift from integrating the elliptical circulation.
  • The peak swirl at 1.1209 core radii.
  • Gaussian vorticity integrating to Gamma.
  • Descent of an RK4-integrated vortex pair.

Honest simplifications

Two straight, parallel vortices with a prescribed eddy-viscosity law: no ground effect, atmospheric turbulence, stratification, Crow instability or engine jets, and the follower hazard is shown only as a swirl speed. Not for separation decisions.

What to try
  • Press Heavy jet, slow and compare the circulation and descent with the regional jet.
  • Raise the wake age and watch the core grow and the peak swirl fall.
  • Press Cruise altitude: thin air needs more circulation.
Swirl speed profile at three wake ages
Core radius against wake age
Height lost against wake age
Circulation against aircraft mass
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