This is a 2D top-down reading of the same treatment-train math as the 3D lab: each barrier removes a fraction of the (oo)cysts flowing through it, measured in log₁₀ reduction — 1-log = 90% removed, 2-log = 99%, 3-log = 99.9%. Barriers stack additively in log space, so the plant's total performance is:
LRV_total = LRV_coag + LRV_filter + LRV_UV
C_out = C_in · 10^(−LRV_total)
Coagulation/flocculation — alum (Al₂(SO₄)₃) hydrolyses to form aluminium-hydroxide flocs that enmesh cysts and eggs so they settle or filter out more easily. Removal rises with dose up to a practical ceiling:
LRV_coag ≈ min(1.6, dose_mg/L / 12.5)
Rapid sand filtration — smaller effective grain size packs the bed tighter and traps more particles by straining and interception, mirroring EPA "credit" tables for conventional filtration (typically 2–3 log for Cryptosporidium):
LRV_filter ≈ clamp(3.0 − 1.7·(size_mm − 0.45), 0.3, 3.0)
UV disinfection — UV-C photons (254 nm) damage the parasite's DNA/RNA so it can no longer infect a host, even though the (oo)cyst itself is still intact. Inactivation follows the dose–response curve used in the US EPA UVDGM for Cryptosporidium (roughly 12 mJ/cm² for 4-log, 5.8 for 3-log):
LRV_UV ≈ min(4.5, dose_mJcm2 / 2.7)
The compliance banner checks the combined LRV against the commonly cited 3-log Giardia / Cryptosporidium removal-or-inactivation benchmark used by multi-barrier drinking-water regulations. Dots in the canvas represent individual cysts/oocysts entering at the left; each one rolls the barrier's removal probability as it crosses a zone and is captured (fades red) or continues to the tap (green). Drag to pan the train and scroll/pinch to zoom in on any barrier.