Good apiary siting balances morning sun (gets bees flying early), a windbreak from prevailing wind, ample forage within flight range, and low stocking density so colonies aren't competing for the same nectar.
score = wSun·sun + wWind·shelter
+ wForage·(forage/hives) − crowding
- Time of day — moves the sun; morning-to-midday sun on the hive entrance scores best (early flight activity), harsh afternoon sun scores lower.
- Wind exposure — higher values mean a more exposed, wind-battered site (chills the colony); lower values simulate a sheltered spot.
- Forage density — density of flowering forage plants scattered around the site within flight range.
- Hive stocking density — number of colonies sharing this site; more colonies split the same forage, lowering nectar available per hive.
Real-world use: beekeepers use exactly this kind of checklist — sun, wind, forage, legal setbacks, and stocking density — when scouting a new apiary location.