Mechanical Clock Escapements Compared (2D)

Four working escapements side by side - verge and foliot, Graham deadbeat, Harrison grasshopper and a spring-detent chronometer - with the rate error each one makes when drive, temperature and friction change.

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Drive and friction

Torque from the weight or mainspring, pallet friction and air losses.

Environment and adjustment

Temperature, gravity, rod and balance materials.

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Model checks
The science
What to try
Rate error versus drive torque (dots = live operating point)
Rate error versus temperature
Live swing, last 2 seconds (angle / amplitude)
Amplitude versus drive