Water molecules Dissolved salt ions Semipermeable membrane
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Pressure-Retarded Osmosis Power Cell

This simulator models a real pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) membrane cell — the technology behind salinity-gradient "blue energy" power plants. A semipermeable membrane separates low-salinity river water from pressurized seawater; the osmotic pressure gradient between them pulls water molecules across the membrane while dissolved salt ions stay trapped on the seawater side. That flux, moving against an applied back-pressure, spins a turbine and extracts real power. Adjust the salinity gradient, the membrane's permeability, and the applied pressure to find the power-density optimum — or push past it into the reverse-osmosis regime where the cell starts consuming energy instead of generating it.