Wind turbines, solar panels and hydro turbines each convert a different energy flux into electrical power, which is combined on a shared grid and smoothed by a battery.
P_wind = 0.5 ρ A Cp v³
P_solar = η A G
P_hydro = ρ g Q h
- Wind speed — drives turbine blade rotation; power scales roughly with the cube of wind speed.
- Sunlight intensity — irradiance on the solar array, scales panel output linearly.
- Hydro flow rate — water flow through the dam turbine, a steady baseline source.
- Grid demand — the load being drawn; the battery charges on surplus and discharges on deficit.
Toggle each source off to see how the grid balance and renewable mix respond when supply falls short of demand.