Solar-Wind Complementarity & Storage Buffer

Weather Drivers

Cloud variability 45%

Wind turbulence 45%

Battery buffer size 4.0 h

Simulation speed 1.0 h/s

Live Readouts

Day 106:00

Solar output

Wind output

Combined (raw)

Grid delivery

Correlation ρ (S,W)

—

Variance reduction

—

Battery charge

50%

Curtailed / unmet

0% / 0%

How it works

Two renewable sources rarely peak at the same moment. Solar follows the sun; wind is often strongest at night or ahead of weather fronts. Combining anti-correlated sources — complementarity — reduces the variability of the total below what either source shows alone, which is exactly what "energy synergy" means in a real grid-planning sense.

Clear-sky solar:  I(t) = max(0, sin(π(t−6)/12)) for 6h ≤ t ≤ 18h
Wind power:       P_w = clamp((v/v_rated)^3, 0, 1),  cut-in 3 m/s, cut-out 25 m/s
Pearson corr.:    ρ = Σ(s−s̄)(w−w̄) / √(Σ(s−s̄)² · Σ(w−w̄)²)
Combined variance: σ_c² = σ_s² + σ_w² + 2ρ·σ_s·σ_w   (ρ < 0 shrinks σ_c below σ_s + σ_w)

Cloud variability — how choppy the solar irradiance is (passing clouds cut output in seconds).
Wind turbulence — how gusty the wind speed trace is around its diurnal base curve.
Battery buffer size — hours of average combined output the battery can store; it charges on surplus above the rolling target and discharges on deficit, firming delivery.
ρ, variance reduction — computed over the last 96 simulated hours from the two live time series; more negative ρ (or lower ρ) means the two sources are complementing each other and the grid needs less storage to stay smooth.
Curtailed / unmet — energy thrown away because the battery was already full, and energy the battery couldn't cover because it was already empty, both as a % of total generation since reset.

Solar array Wind turbines Battery buffer

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