Down-flow (insulated pipe)
Up-flow (annulus, gaining heat)
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This simulation models a deep closed-loop coaxial borehole heat exchanger — a well several kilometres deep where working fluid circulates down an insulated inner pipe, turns around at the bottom, and rises through the surrounding annulus, absorbing heat conducted from progressively hotter rock along the way. No fluid is ever pulled from the formation itself, so the yield depends entirely on well depth, the local geothermal gradient, how fast the fluid is circulated, and how well the inner pipe is insulated against short-circuiting heat back to the down-going stream. Adjust the four parameters to see the bottom-hole and wellhead temperatures, the thermal power extracted, and the electrical power an Organic Rankine Cycle plant could realistically generate from it.