The same three storage technologies as the 3D version, redrawn as a flat gauge plus a scrolling history chart instead of an orbiting scene: the battery bar fills and glows, the pumped-hydro pair shows water level swapping between a low and a high tank through a pipe, and the capacitor plates separate as voltage builds. A loss counter integrates the energy wasted to round-trip inefficiency over the whole session, and a chart traces stored-energy fraction and power rate over the last ~40 seconds.
Battery / capacitor: E = ½CV² (capacitor); E = ∫P dt · η (battery)
Pumped hydro: E = m·g·h
Round-trip efficiency: battery ≈ 90%, pumped hydro ≈ 80%, capacitor ≈ 95%
Cumulative loss: ∫ P·(1-η) dt while charging, ∫ P·(1/η - 1) dt while discharging
- Technology selector — switches which storage medium is active and visualized; each keeps its own stored-energy state and loss counter.
- Power draw — sets the charge/discharge power in kilowatts, controlling how fast the store fills or empties and how fast losses accumulate.
- Charging/Discharging toggle — reverses the energy flow direction.
- Reset — empties the active store and clears its loss counter and history.
Grid operators mix fast-responding batteries and capacitors for short bursts with pumped hydro for multi-hour bulk storage, balancing renewable generation against demand. The loss counter here makes the efficiency trade-off — not just the capacity — visible over time.