Photovoltaic Cell: I–V / P–V Curve (2D)

This is the 2D-native counterpart to the 3D solar-cell photovoltaic simulator. Rather than orbiting a rendered cell absorbing animated photons, it draws the two curves that actually describe a real photovoltaic cell: the single-diode-equation current-voltage (I-V) curve and the power-voltage (P-V) curve derived from it, both traced live as irradiance, sun angle, cell temperature and series-resistance sliders reshape them. Push irradiance up and the short-circuit current climbs; tilt the sun angle away from normal and the same current falls off with the incidence cosine; raise the cell's temperature and the open-circuit voltage sags as the diode's reverse-saturation current grows exponentially — exactly why hot panels underperform even in bright sun. A tracked marker rides the maximum-power point on both curves so you can see fill factor and peak power respond to every slider in real time — the same underlying photovoltaic physics as the 3D version, just plotted instead of rendered.