Green infrastructure cools cities and absorbs stormwater simultaneously — every added tree or green roof does double duty against two different urban problems.
temp_reduction ~ green_cover * shade_factor
runoff_reduction ~ green_cover * absorption
- City grid size — city blocks tracked for green-cover share and temperature.
- Green cover share — fraction of each block covered by parks, green roofs or street trees.
- Urban heat intensity — baseline heat-island effect before any green mitigation.
- Green infrastructure growth rate — how quickly new green infrastructure is added across the district.
Cities like Singapore and Melbourne have measurably cut summer peak temperatures several degrees just by systematically raising tree canopy and green-roof coverage.