Vulnerability isn't fixed by hazard alone — it's hazard intensity discounted by how much adaptation investment and preparedness a zone actually has in place.
vulnerability = hazard * (1 - adaptation_investment*preparedness)
- Grid resolution — regional zones scored for climate vulnerability.
- Adaptation investment — share of zones receiving infrastructure and planning investment.
- Hazard intensity — severity of the climate hazard (heat, flood, drought) affecting the region.
- Community preparedness — how effectively invested resources translate into reduced real-world harm.
Cities that invested early in adaptation infrastructure consistently show lower disaster losses per capita than comparable cities that delayed — this grid shows why.