Proof-of-Stake Consensus: Weighted Voting & Slashing

Validator Set

Validators 12

Byzantine (adversarial) share 16%

Round speed 1.0x

Round Status

Yes-stake vs 2/3 quorum0%

Selecting proposer…

Round

Finalized blocks

Failed rounds

Slashed / total

0 / 12

How it works

Each validator i locks up stake s_i. Every round a proposer is picked by a stake-weighted lottery — the chance of being chosen equals your share of total stake, exactly like Ethereum's beacon-chain RANDAO-based proposer selection:

P(validator i proposes) = s_i / Σ s_j

Every other validator then casts one stake-weighted vote on the proposed block. A block only finalizes once the stake behind "yes" votes crosses the Byzantine quorum:

finalized  ⇔  Σ(yes stake) ≥ (2/3) · Σ(total stake)

This 2/3 threshold is the classical BFT safety bound (PBFT, Tendermint, CometBFT): consensus stays safe as long as adversarial ("Byzantine") stake is below 1/3 of the total. Push the Byzantine slider past ~33% and rounds start failing to finalize — you're watching that bound break in real time.

Slashing: if a validator signs two conflicting blocks in the same round ("equivocation" / double-signing), the protocol can cryptographically prove the fault from the two signatures alone — no trusted third party needed. The offending validator's stake is burned and it is evicted from future proposer lotteries and vote tallies, exactly as Ethereum's slashing condition works.

Validators — cone height encodes relative stake; the current proposer glows amber.
Vote beams — green beams are "yes" votes, red beams "no"/withheld votes, weighted visually by the voter's stake.
Chain — each finalized block stacks onto the central pillar; a failed round leaves a gap and no new block.

Proposer Yes vote No / slashed

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