Urban Reservoir Conservation Simulator

City & Demand

Population served 180,000

Low-flow fixture adoption 20%

Leak-repair investment 15%

Simulation speed 4 days/s

Reservoir Status

Reservoir level

70.0%

Non-revenue water

31%

Daily demand

48,600 m³/d

Daily leakage

21,800 m³/d

Net reservoir trend

stable

Conservation savings vs. baseline

0 m³/d

How it works

The reservoir follows a simple water-balance (mass-conservation) equation used by real utilities to plan supply:

dV/dt = Inflow − Demand_eff − Leakage

Demand_eff = Population × (per-capita use)
             × (1 − 0.30 × fixture adoption)

NRW% = NRW_max − (NRW_max − NRW_min) × leak investment
Leakage = Demand_eff × NRW% / (1 − NRW%)

Non-revenue water (NRW) is the industry term for treated water that leaves the reservoir but never reaches a paying customer — mostly pipe leaks and main breaks. Real utilities range from under 10% (well-maintained) to over 40% (aging infrastructure); this model starts at a realistic 35% and lets leak-repair investment drive it down toward a practical floor of 6%, since a network can never be perfectly leak-free.

Low-flow fixtures (toilets, showerheads, aerators) are the standard demand-side conservation lever — retrofitting a household typically cuts indoor use by roughly 25–30%, scaled here by adoption rate across the population.

Population and fixture adoption set effective daily demand.
Leak-repair investment sets the non-revenue-water fraction added on top of demand to get total withdrawal from the reservoir.
The tank's water level integrates inflow minus (demand + leakage) forward in simulated days; the "days-to-empty" style trend readout is the real planning metric utilities call days of supply remaining.

Day 0

Inflow (rain / river) Supply to city Leakage loss

⚠ Couldn't load the 3D engineThree.js failed to load from the CDN. Check your connection and reload.