Carbon chains for decarbonization
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) combines industrial sources, CO₂ pipelines, and storage facilities. It's important to optimize flows, CAPEX/OPEX, and safety monitoring.
1. Sources and collection
Assess CO₂ volumes, sorbent costs, and capture efficiency.
2. Transportation and Infrastructure
Analyze the length of pipelines, compression, and logistics costs.
3. Geological Storage
Evaluate reservoir capacity, injection pressure, and leak monitoring.
📚 Article: Ecosystem of CCS network
Sources
Power plants, cement factories, chemical plants, DAC projects. Amine sorbents, membranes, sorption modules.
Infrastructure
CO₂ pipelines, compressor stations, temporary storage, maritime transport for offshore storage.
Storage
Saline aquifers, spawning grounds, basalt formations, mineralization, MRV systems.
❓ FAQ
1. What is the cost of CCS?
Depends on the sector: $40–120 per ton, including harvesting, transportation, and storage.
2. Can CO₂ be sold?
Yes, for EOR, fuels, construction materials, but the goal is long-term storage.
3. What is MRV?
Monitoring, Reporting, Verification — systems for monitoring storage sites are necessary for subsidies and certification.
4. What risks are there?
Wastewater, induced seismicity, pipeline corrosion, unmet capture targets.
5. How to Choose a Shelter?
Geology, porosity, permeability, proximity to sources, regulatory permits.
6. Do subsidies need to be provided?
Most projects use tax credits (45Q), ETS, grants, or partnerships.
7. How to distribute flows?
Optimization of flows between multiple sources and storage sites, linear programming, digital twins.
8. Does temperature have an effect?
Yes, temperature/pressure determine the phase of CO₂ (supercritical), affecting pipelines and storage facilities.
9. What KPIs?
Tons captured, safety factor, cost per ton, downtime, verified credits.
10. How to engage communities?
Transparency, working conditions, monitoring programs, social funds, insurance.
📖 Example Guide
Example 1: Capture
520 thousand tons, efficiency 87%, $42/ton.
Caught 452 thousand tons/year, expenses $19 million/year.
Example 2: Transportation
180 km, 1800 t/year, 110 kWh/year/t.
Energy 198 MWh/day, approximate OPEX $7.2 million/year.
Example 3: Shelter
65 million tons, injection 1500 t/day, monitoring $4 million.
Fill time ≈ 118 years, risk level < 0.5%.