Rare Earth Oxide Calcination (2D)

Furnace Conditions

Kiln temperature 820 °C

Air / oxygen feed 18%

Feed moisture 7%

Live Readout

Oxalate→oxide conversion

0.0%

Grain surface reactivity

0.0%

Sintering risk

0.0%

Furnace state

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How it works

Each grain in the bed starts as rare-earth oxalate and thermally decomposes into oxide (releasing CO₂ and H₂O) as it spends time at kiln temperature. The steady-state conversion, surface reactivity and sintering risk all come from the same three-variable model the 3D lab uses:

conv  = max(55, 96 - 0.07*|T-820| - 0.5*|O2-18| - 0.12*moisture)
surf  = max(30, 88 - 0.12*max(0, T-880))
sinter = max(0, 0.06*(T-900) + 0.25*(O2-26))

Here the readouts are driven by an actual per-grain simulation instead of a single dial: every grain's own conversion progress relaxes toward the target conv fraction at a rate set by kiln temperature, its color shifts from chalky oxalate grey to REE-oxide tan as it converts, and its radius grows (grains visibly fuse) as sinter risk climbs — which is exactly what drives surface reactivity back down. Too cold and oxalate never fully decomposes; too hot (or too much air) sinters the oxide into dense, low-reactivity clumps that are harder to process downstream.

Conversion — fraction of the feed that has decomposed from oxalate to oxide.
Surface reactivity — how much fine, reactive surface area the oxide grains still have.
Sintering risk — how much the grains are fusing into denser, less reactive clumps.

Kiln ready

Oxalate grain REE oxide grain Off-gas (CO₂/H₂O)