Reading the map: color and contour lines both encode potential energy
V(x,y). Warm colors / inner rings = high energy, cool colors / outer rings = low energy.
R, I and P are the three wells (minima); TS1 and TS2 are saddle points — the lowest-energy
crossing between neighbouring wells. Activation energy Ea = V(TS1) − V(R).
Cool → warm colour scale = low → high potential energy · dashed line = minimum-energy reaction path