🧪 pH Buffer Titration (2D)

Henderson-Hasselbalch: pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA]) — flat near pKa, steep once buffer capacity is exceeded.

Buffer preset

Titration

Live readout

pH—
pKa—
[HA]/[A⁻]—
Buffer capacity β—
β remaining—
Titrant added—

Drag or tap the curve to jump to a titrant volume. The dashed line marks half-equivalence (pH = pKa, maximum buffer capacity); the plateau around it is the real buffering region, the steep flanks are where buffer capacity is exceeded.