💧 Grotthuss Proton Hopping (2D)

📊 Live readout

Elapsed time 0.0 s
Hop attempts 0
Successful hops 0
Hop success rate —
Proton distance 0.0 nm
Proton speed 0.0 nm/s
Ion (Brownian) distance 0.0 nm
Speedup vs. ion 1.0×
Oxygen Hydrogen Excess charge Reference ion
Real O–O distance ≈ 0.28 nm · relay vs. random-walk comparison

💧 Grotthuss Mechanism (2D): Proton Hopping vs. Ion Diffusion

A flat canvas relay of hydrogen-bonded water molecules showing how an excess proton (or hydroxide vacancy) advances by a stochastic chain of real bond hops, run side by side against an ordinary ion doing a genuine unbiased random walk, with a live readout of hop count, effective distance and speedup.