Organoids are miniature, self-organizing 3D tissue models grown from stem cells that recapitulate key structural and functional features of a real organ — without needing an actual organ.
height(t+1) = height(t) + cocktail*proliferation*scaffoldSupport
- Colony grid resolution — how finely the 3D stem-cell aggregate is sampled to track local growth.
- Differentiation target — the fraction of cells needing to commit to a specialized lineage for the organoid to count as 'mature'.
- Growth factor cocktail — the mix of signalling molecules (Wnt, EGF, Noggin...) driving proliferation and patterning.
- Matrix scaffold support — how well the surrounding extracellular matrix (e.g. Matrigel) supports 3D self-organization.
Patient-derived tumor organoids are now used to test which chemotherapy regimen a specific patient's cancer will respond to, days before the clinical decision has to be made.