Presets
Solve for hover
Mean vertical force is forced to equal body weight. In Manual the bird rises or sinks.
Animal and air
Wing kinematics
Display
Wing blur: real wings beat ~45 times a second, which the eye (and a 60 Hz screen) only sees as a blur. Start slow, then raise the time scale.
Hover balance
Power
Experiments (checks)
Energy budget
All metabolic numbers are approximate published ranges used for illustration. The model underlying power is a quasi-steady estimate.
Wingbeat frequency vs body mass
Blender 5.2 model, Three.js r160. Facts are approximate.