How a Cow Gives Milk

Udder, let-down and milking lab · whole-animal process in a calm parlour

Presets

First-calf heifer (lower, later, flatter peak)

Milk composition (g per 100 g)

Rumen volatile fatty acids (mol %)

Energy balance (NEL, MJ per day)

Four milking schedules are integrated numerically (RK4, 1-minute steps, 8 days) and compared with the closed-form model V(T)=Vmax(1−e^(−T/τ)).

The science

Schematic anatomy: ducts and alveoli are enlarged about 50× so they are visible. Quality: