ACO in 3D

Real ant colony optimization — pheromone stigmergy solving TSP over cities in volumetric space.

α — pheromone weight 1.0

β — heuristic weight 3.0

ρ — evaporation rate 0.10

Ants per iteration 18

Iteration0

Best tour—

Avg tour—

Improvement—

Ants active18

Cities14

Drag to orbit · scroll to zoom · same α/β/ρ pheromone math as the 2D original, now over true (x,y,z) distances