Cycle 0
Healthy crop canopy
Salt crust
Irrigation / drainage water
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Every irrigation cycle leaves a little salt behind: crop roots pull up water but exclude most dissolved minerals, so evapotranspiration slowly concentrates whatever salt arrived in the irrigation water. This simulator runs a real mixing-cell salt balance on a 3D root zone — dial in the irrigation water's salinity and the leaching fraction you allow to drain below the roots, and watch the soil's electrical conductivity climb (or stabilise) cycle by cycle, a salt crust grow across the surface once it crosses the USDA salinity thresholds, and crop yield potential fall along the published Maas-Hoffman tolerance curve for bean, wheat or barley. It is the same physics behind real-world irrigation salinity management: too little leaching and the field slowly turns unproductive; too much and water is wasted flushing it back out.