Each subsystem (temperature vent/heater, humidity fogger, CO2 injector) is a simple closed-loop controller: sensors read the current state, compare it to a setpoint, and drive an actuator proportional to the error. This 2D view is a side cross-section of the same control loop as the 3D greenhouse — same equations, flattened to a plane so the plumbing of the feedback loop is easier to trace with the eye.
error = setpoint − measured
actuator = Kp · error (proportional control)
growth = f(temp,hum,CO2) → product of Gaussians
centered on each optimum
- Temp / humidity / CO2 setpoints — targets the automated system tries to hold; the plant's growth index peaks when all three are near their biological optimum.
- Heatwave disturbance — an external shock added to the greenhouse temperature that the controller must reject.
- Auto Control toggle — turns the feedback loop on/off so you can see actuators freeze and conditions drift when disabled.
Real application: commercial autonomous greenhouses use exactly this sensor-actuator feedback to cut water/energy use while maximizing yield per square meter.